From David Smith's Less Than Human: Why We Demean, Enslave, and Exterminate Others:
"During their journey through time, prehistoric humans acquired a range of mental aptitudes that we take for granted today, but which were almost certainly absent during the earliest stages of hominid evolution. These include the physical traits that are necessary conditions for dehumanization, namely;
1. A domain-specific folk biology module responsible for parsing the biology world into natural kinds (species) and making inferences about them.
2. A domain-specific folk sociology module responsible for parsing the social world into natural kinds (ethnoraces) and making inferences about them.
3. A domain-general capacity for second-order thought that makes it possible to reflect one's own mental states.
4. An intuitive theory of essences used to explain why there are natural kinds.
5. An intuitive theory of natural hierarchy (great chain of being) for ordering the natural world."
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